regarding the Fuel pressure regulator discussion...
I was assuming he had an aftermarket regulator. Typically to run boost you want a manifold referenced regulator. There is another option, and from what you've shown GM may have done this. I have an 06 which did not have a regulator. I added one to be able to run boost and not have a nightmare tuning it.
Bottom line, in order to be able to calculate how much fuel is flowing through an injector, you need to know pressure on both sides of the injector and the size of the injector. Here's a couple different methods.
fixed pressure differential- uses a pump that is always running full blast and a regulator that bleeds off the right amount back to the tank to keep the rail at a certain pressure above the nozzle side of the injector. So in most cases, the regulator would be set for 43 psi with no vacuum line connected. Then when you are at -12psi vacuum at idle, the rail pressure would actually show 31 psi relative to atmosphere. However the injector will still have 43 across it so the flow rate of the injector does not change. This allows the calculations for fuel flow to be a bit easier because an injector size of X will always be X.
Fixed rail pressure - this is something GM started doing (like on my 06). Several ways to do it, but on my 06 there was a regulator in the tank that keeps rail pressure at 58psi relative to atmosphere regardless of all else. Since the ecu knows the map pressure, it calculates the differential pressure across the injector and looks up the injector flow rate based off this differential. It needs a lookup table for injector flow because at idle the injectors would be running 58-12~46psi fuel pressure, but at wot they would be running the 58psi rail pressure. Injector fuel pressure = 58psi-manifold pressure
On the picture you show, it appears from the factory is was connected to as you say "ported vacuum". This likely means GM was running fixed rail pressure on the trailblazer from the factory. Only reason I can see connecting it to ported is to prevent a fire in the event that it leaks. Ported vacuum doesn't change much. I'm a little confused too. Not typical to see a regulator that is ported to anything but atmosphere. What does a manual say about fuel pressure on these model years? Anyone know?