As a general rule, with four wheel drive, the circumference should be within a half-inch. When I was working my way through college in a tire shop, I had an old guy come in with a brand new set of 235/75R15s on the front of his S10 blazer. The rear still had the correct 235/70R15s on it. He put it in 4wd during a snowstorm and it wouldn't come out. We put the right tires on (just the pair, and as soon as we backed it out of the stall it slipped back into 2wd. Bummer he just spent well over a hundred bucks on two tires which were now worthless to him (and too used to take back).
There is some tolerance there, I mean as a typical truck tire wears from 16/32s down to 2/32s, you lose a whole inch of diameter.
If you have different treads on the same axle with an open differential, one of them will be more effective. That tire will hold traction and the lesser tire will spin in many situations where with two of the same (lesser) tires would have held traction. As long as you've got the same tires on the same axle, and they're all listed as the same size, you're fine.
If you're going to go with a tire size other than stock, there are several things you can do:
1) download the tire data sheet for both your stock tire and the new tire, and compare things like revolutions per mile, overall diameter, section width, weight, etc. to estimate the differene.
2) use the whacky system of tire sizing to your advantage, either by doing the math, or going up one aspect and down another. For example:
The math: 245/70R16 means the tire is 245mm wide, sidewall is 70 percent of the tread width, and the rim is 16" diameter. To determine the overall diameter, multiply 245x0.7 to determine the sidewall height in mm. Divide that number by 25.4 to convert to inches, multiply it by 2 (because you have an upper and lower sidewall) then add 16 for the rim.
The system: If you want to go up or down in width but stay with the same diameter, starting with a 245/70R16, some options would include wider to a 255/65R16, 265/60R16, or more narrow to a 235/75R16, or 225/80R16. See the pattern? Of course not all sizes actually exist. If you change rim sizes, and want to keep the same basic tire size, you'd drop two sizes in the aspect ratio after going up one in the rim: going from a 245/70R16 to a 245/60R17.