In negotiations, you always ask for more than you expect to get.
In the case of the UAW, the union made significant concessions back in 2007-2009, during the 'great recession', etc. Those concessions included (but were not limited to):
- pay cuts (not 40%, but the union has already come down to 36%, off the 40%)
- elimination of cost of living increases,
- elimination of defined-benefit pensions (these are the 'traditional' type; they were switched to 'defined contribution' (e.g.; 401k type)
- and the creation of pay tiers (this created a two-tier system where 'new' hires were hired as 'contractors', rather than employees, and given a wage rate significantly lower than the line employees already working.
The UAW is asking for all of those things to be reinstated.
The only 'new' thing is the 32hr work week (and I expect they added this as a negotiating point to be eventually given away.)
As for this new contract... this is only my opinion, but it's going to be the last 'big' contract the UAW will get (and they know this). Why? Because electric vehicles are easier to assemble, with fewer parts (and, thus, fewer workers needed in the future). Not to mention the sourcing of plants / materials elsewhere (e.g.; Mexico).
As with other industries, the automakers have posted record profits. From the UAW's standpoint, it's now time to reinstate the things they willingly gave up over the last 15yrs or so. Mary Barra and her counterparts didn't freeze their own salaries (and actual salary is just the tip of the iceberg, in the C-suite.) Those folks make a killing in stock options, which are taxed differently than regular salary.
As one example... Mr. Bezos (Amzn) draws a base salary of about 90K-ish a year. That might seem like a pittance (and that amount keeps him in a lower tax bracket). But the real payout is in the form of stock / options that he gets every year, and by holding onto them the right amount of time before he exercises them, he pays 15% (or even less) on the income derived from them.
So... some of you may say... "well, the union gets 'x', and I don't get that, so they shouldn't get that." That's the power of collective bargaining, folks. Workers of generations past fought (sometimes literally) for those wages / benefits. Meanwhile, certain other people turned wages / benefits into a zero-sum game. When they can divide the people (workers) into 'haves' and 'have nots', it only benefits the people doing the dividing.
There was a time when trade unions were more prevalent; during that time, a blue-collar guy / gal could get a job, provide for the family (on
one paycheck), have some money for extra expenses when they came along, and take a vacation once a year with the family. You can do the research for yourself on the 'when' of the weakening / elimination of unions, and the forces behind that. Also, I'm not a Pollyanna -- the people who headed up the unions certainly did some criming of their own, so they're certainly not as pure as the driven snow.
That's a pretty high-level assessment (and a lot of you know that it's pretty easy for me to get into the weeds... LOL). I've dialed my aggression back a little bit, in this response. My gummie must've kicked in